n. Literally, father: a title originally given to any monk, but afterward limited to the head or superior of a monastery.n. In later usage, loosely applied to the holder of one of certain non-monastic offices.n. A title retained in Hanover, Würtemberg, Brunswick, and Schleswig-Holstein by the heads of certain Protestant institutions to which the property of various abbeys was transferred at the Reformation. See abbessn. The chief magistrate of the Genoese in Galata.