n. [capitalized] In England, an ancient court or tribunal, more fully designated the Court of Exchequer, in which all causes affecting the revenues of the crown were tried and decided.n. [capitalized] In Scotland, a court of similar nature and history, abolished in 1857.n. [capitalized] In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, that department of the government which has charge of all matters relating to the public revenue of the kingdom, the head of which is called the Chancellor of the Exchequer. See chancellor, 3 .n. A state treasury: as, the war drained the exchequer.n. Pecuniary resources; finances: as, my exchequer was getting low. [Colloq.]To sue in the Court of Exchequer.