What does ability mean?
Ability is a noun referring to the power, skill, or capacity to perform an action or accomplish a task. It can describe a general competence — such as the ability to read, communicate, or reason — or a specific talent, as in musical or athletic ability. The word carries no strong connotation on its own: it is neutral in tone and fits equally well in everyday conversation, academic writing, and professional contexts. It most often appears with an infinitive complement, as in 'the ability to adapt', and its plural form frequently occurs in inclusive contexts such as 'learners of all abilities'. Ability derives from the Latin verb habere, meaning 'to have', entering English via Old French in the medieval period. Closely related words include capability, capacity, and skill, though each carries slightly different shades of emphasis — capability suggesting potential, capacity suggesting scope, and skill implying trained proficiency.
nounThe power, skill, or capacity to do something; the quality of being able to perform an action or achieve a result.
- The skill, power, or capacity to do something.
- (Often in plural) A particular talent or aptitude.
"She showed a remarkable ability to solve problems under pressure."
"He has the ability to remain calm in any crisis."
"Students of all abilities are welcome to apply."
The plural typically refers to distinct skills or talents, especially in educational or evaluative contexts.
"The programme is designed for students of differing abilities."
"Ability" comes from the same Latin root as "debit" and "debt" — habere, 'to have' — because to be able is literally to hold power.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Etymology of ability
Ability entered English in the late Middle Ages, borrowed from Old French ableté, which derived from Latin habilitas, 'skill or ease', itself formed from habilis ('able, handy') based on the verb habere, 'to have or hold'. This same root gave English words such as habit, rehabilitate, and debit. The word has carried its core sense of power or competence since it first appeared in English writing.
Word family
Usage notes
Neutral register, suitable for both formal and informal contexts. Commonly followed by an infinitive ('the ability to lead') rather than 'of doing'. The plural often appears in phrases like 'students of mixed abilities'.
Don't confuse with
'Ability' refers to the power or skill to do something (often innate or acquired), while 'capability' more often suggests potential or capacity for something broader or future-oriented.